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考试辅导:职称英语语法之定语从句要点

来源:网友投稿 时间:2020-03-16

考试辅导:职称英语语法之定语从句要点

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

  一.词引导的定语从句

  1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

  句子成分  用于限制从句或非限制性从句   只用于限制性从句

  代替人    代替物      代替人或物

  主语  Who        which        that

  主语  Whom       which        that

  宾语  Whose(=of whom)  whose(=of which)

  例1:This is the detective who came from London.

  例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

  例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

  例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

  2.关系代词的用法

  (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:

  All the people that are present burst into tears.

  (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:

  (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

  There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.

  (4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:

  He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

  (5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。

  (6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。

  (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。

  (8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:

  The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

  (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用 which。例如:

  Is there anyone here who will go with you?

  3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构

  (1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

  (2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:

  We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..

  (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:

  This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

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